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The Public Diplomacy Blog is intended to stimulate dialog among scholars, researchers, practitioners and professionals from around the world in the public diplomacy sphere. The opinions represented here are the authors' own and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USC Center on Public Diplomacy at the Annenberg School.

SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS OR CULTURAL RELATIONS?
SEP 23, 2008 - 11:59PM PDT
Posted by John Worne
All posts by this author

At the British Council – the UK’s international cultural and educational body – we’ve been thinking about what we call the International Relations Positioning Spectrum. It draws on work by Nick Cull and work done by Ali Fisher and Counterpoint, our cultural relations think tank on ‘'Options for Influence’. The spectrum sets out in broad terms what we think a nation can do in the world and how what we do – cultural relations - fits into it.


People who have seen it so far have said - although there is a lot of information in this diagram - they find it helpful to see the spectrum and where we fit on it. Other people have said to me that they feel uneasy about seeing what we do on the same page as military action – this does not feel right to them.

My personal view – and it is a personal view – is that for the part of our funding which comes from my taxes, there are clear alternative uses for that money – particularly in a credit crunch and global recession. Public spending is finite and there are always tough choices, but I would like to have local schools that were better for my children to go to. I would like to see continued investment in my local health services which are generally good these days but struggle to keep pace with growing demand. Set against this do I really want significant funding raised through general taxation (including some of my money) spent on cultural relations instead of schools and hospitals?

I think to answer this challenge we have to be really confident that what we do is a key part of the UK’s contribution to the world and is a real alternative to other foreign policy choices. I accept that the UK needs armed forces and that my taxes pay for them – not everyone does, but I do. I accept that we have a moral responsibility to respond to poverty and humanitarian disasters with food and other aid. Put simply I can understand and appreciate that in a crowded and at times dangerous world some of my money has to go on guns and food parcels instead of local schools and hospitals. But why does it have to go to cultural relations?

I think the answer is that strong, effective cultural relations mean ultimately we will need less guns and fewer food parcels. Why? Because sharing knowledge and ideas between people worldwide is among the best antidotes to armed conflict and giving people access to skills, languages, jobs and opportunities can help map a path out of poverty. It also does far more beautiful things, like opening minds and opportunities for peoples’ creativity and development.

The crude version of the International Relations Positioning Spectrum is ‘giving, helping, sharing, boasting, shouting, fighting’. We do ‘helping and sharing’ and maybe a bit of ‘boasting’ from time to time - although when we showcase the UK I believe in the main we try to do it with sharing and mutual appreciation in mind.

Some of these words are better than others. ‘Exchanging’ is perhaps a more accurate term than ‘sharing’ as it is more actively mutual and more purposeful. ‘Telling’ is perhaps fairer than ‘shouting’ to encapsulate diplomacy and campaigning. In many cases the same activity could be ‘telling, boasting or sharing’. The intent behind it and the way it is done make the difference.

I find it easier to forgo a better school for my son and daughter, when I remind myself that at its best, cultural relations means more ‘helping and sharing’, less ‘shouting and fighting’ and maybe one day a less urgent need to ‘give’. It helps me to think that the engagement and trust we build through cultural relations reduces the costs of failing to engage or help improve the world – the cost of guns and food parcels – at the same time as enriching people’s lives.

 
Read Comments (3) | Add Your Own

Read Comments:

Nick Cull on September 24, 2008 @ 8:13 pm:
This is an interesting blog post but it raises questions. First is the claim implicit in the diagram that there is a distinction between CR and PD. Historically the British Council has made this claim but I rather thought that this one was surrendered by the Council back at the first Wilton Park review and it was accepted that the Cultural Relations or at least the part of that rested within the British Council was a sub-activity of PD. the diagram suggests they are merely overlapping. Is this a change of direction? If as the Foreign Office maintains PD is the conduct of foreign policy by engaging with foreign audiences, what part of the British Council's Cultural Relations does NOT fall under that? Is Worne thinking of the bit that is not PAID for by the FCO?

One might argue that the non-FCO funded portion of British Council activity is public diplomacy none the less -- with the BC acting as a quasi-NGO actor on the international stage in its own right?

I think we need a clearer idea here of exactly where Worne draws the line between PD and CD/CR. Maybe RATHER than having the activity in the white box you should have the name of the agency - THAT makes sense of the distinction so it is clear that the Foreign Office PD folks have one role and the BC has another albeit with some over lap.

I find the Fisher spectrum outlined in Fisher's options for influence book useful (downloadable for free from
http://www.counterpoint-online.org/download/587/Options_for_influence_PDF_download.pdf )

But elements here seem hard to reconcile with that work of Cull (2007). Ali Fisher and I are pretty much agreed on a spectrum which runs from

listening - facilitation - exchange - cultural diplomacy - broadcasting - advocacy.

Worne seems to have lopped off listening which I feel is the beginning of wise PD and an alarming thing for the BC to do.

I'm not sure that Nye's Hard/Soft power dichotomy sits well here as while Worne places aid at the most benign end of the spectrum and hard power at the other. Aid is surely a form of hard power since it requires material resources to happen. In the old paradigm of moving the donkey aid is one form of carrot, military force and sanctions are the stick.

mandy johnson on September 25, 2008 @ 7:14 pm:
Cultural relations appeals to many people that the British Council works with across the world as it suggests a two way process for mutual benefit. It's true that there is an overlap with PD, and both are important in their own context, but in practice PD can often been seen to sit much closer to the 'broadcasting' approach. Incidentally, the British Council is not funded by the FCO, it has funded directly by the Treasury.

Note from the CPD Editor on September 26, 2008 @ 12:30 pm:
To read Ali Fisher's thoughtful response to the IRPS on CPD's website, go to: http://uscpublicdiplomacy.com/index.php/newsroom/pdblog_detail/the_spectrum_of_spectrums_a_review_of_the_international_relations_positioni/

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